支气管镜灌注术联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染的疗效观察

目的探讨支气管镜灌注术(BP)联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染的效果及对血清肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法选取2017年5月至2018年9月间西安市北方医院收治的80例肺癌术后感染患者,采用随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者采用常规抗感染治疗,观察组患者在常规治疗基础上应用BP联合局部灌注抗生素治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效、呼吸力学指标、血清TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP、PCT及不良反应情况。结果观察组患者临床治疗总有效率为92.5%,高于对照组患者的75.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者的气道峰压(PIP)、动态顺应性(Cdyn)、呼吸做功(WOB)和气道阻力(Raw)指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的PIP、WOB和Raw指标均下降,且观察组均低于对照组,两组患者Cdyn指标均上升,且观察组高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP和PCT指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组患者TNF-α、IL-8、hs-CRP和PCT指标均下降,且观察组上述指标均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。治疗期间,对照组患者出现呛咳1例,低氧血症1例,发绀1例;观察组患者出现低氧血症1例,对症治疗后,两组患者症状均消失。两组患者不良反应情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用BP联合抗生素治疗肺癌术后感染患者疗效确切,可有效减轻炎症反应,提升呼吸功能。     

Diabetes Mellitus and Periapical Abscess: A Cross-sectional Study

IntroductionDental morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) include an increased prevalence of periodontal diseases (PDs). However, the occurrence of periapical infections in DM has not been sufficiently documented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of periapical abscesses (PAs) in type 1 DM (T1DM) patients, type 2 DM (T2DM) patients, and nondiabetics in a hospital-based population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study by accessing the University of Florida Health Integrated Data Repository, and diagnoses of T1DM, T2DM, and PA were obtained from queries using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, and race. A logistic regression model for aggregated data was used to assess the association between the occurrence of PA and the diabetic groups (T1DM, T2DM, and nondiabetic groups) after adjusting for PDs and cardiovascular disease (CVD).ResultsAmong 867,526 patients, we found 5260 (0.6%) with T1DM and 52,493 (6.1%) with T2DM. The prevalence of PAs in the total hospital population was 4923 (0.6%), 102 patients (1%) with T1DM and 766 (6%) with T2DM with statistically significant differences. In subjects without PDs, diabetic patients are almost 3 times likely to have PAs compared with nondiabetic subjects. Among subjects with PDs, the association is weaker (odds ratio = 1.35) but still significant at a level of 0.05. In subjects without CVD, DM subjects are greater than 3 times more likely to have PA, whereas among subjects with CVD, subjects with DM are 1.5 times more likely to have PA.ConclusionsA higher prevalence of PAs was reported in diabetic patients compared with the other hospital population. Comprehensive dental treatment should be administered to diabetic patients to maximize glycemic control.     

Identification of microbes in wounds using near-infrared spectroscopy

BackgroundRapid diagnosis of microbes in the burn wound is a big challenge in the medical field. Traditional biochemical detection techniques take hours or days to identify the species of contaminating and drug-resistant microbes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is evaluated to address the need for a fast and sensitive method for the detection of bacterial contamination in liquids.MethodsHerin, we developed a novel technique which by using NIRS together with supporting vector machine (SVM), to identify the microbial species and drug-resistant microbes in LB medium, and to diagnose the wound colonization and wound infection models of pigs.ResultsThe device could recognize 100% of seven kinds of microbes and 99.47% of the multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with a concentration of 10⁹ cfu ml^?1 in LB medium. The accuracy of the microbial identification in colonized and infected wounds in-situ was 100%. The detection limit of NIRS with SVM for the detection of S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 10¹ cfu ml^?1 in LB medium. Identification time was less than 5 s.ConclusionOur findings validate for the first time a novel technique aimed at the rapid, noncontacted, highly sensitive, and specific recognition of several microbial species including drug-resistant ones. This technique could represent a promising approach to identify diverse microbial species and a potential bedside device to rapidly diagnose infected wounds.     

基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教在呼吸科护生规培中的应用

目的　探究基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教在呼吸科护生规培中的作用。方法　选取2019年9月至2020年8月期间到北京积水潭医院呼吸科进行规范化培训的70名护生作为研究对象。采用掷硬币法随机分为研究组和对照组，各35名。研究组采用基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教，对照组采用常规分层带教。比较两组规培护生护理能力及带教质量。运用SPSS 23.0进行t检验和卡方检验。结果　两组护生规培后理论知识成绩[（95.29±3.13）、（86.29±5.13）]均高于规培前[（78.22±4.48）、（77.29±5.13）]。研究组规培后理论知识、操作技能、病案汇报等3项成绩及综合素质成绩均高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组对带教质量的各项指标的满意度高于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　基于"能力本位"理念的分层带教可提高呼吸科护生规培教学的质量及护生的综合素质，值得应用推广。     

Persistent Fistula for Treatment of a Failed Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Relic From the Past or a Viable Salvage Procedure?

BackgroundNew treatment algorithms for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) show high success rates in achieving permanent infection eradication with some degree of failure. Different salvage procedures are described, but there is no evidence for persistent fistula (PF). The purpose of this study was to analyze PF as a salvage procedure in patients with therapy-resistant PJIs.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included all patients treated with PF (2005-2018) in a maximum care center with PJI (knee or hip). The baseline parameters (age, sex, BMI) and other data (number of surgeries, pathogen spectrum, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification) were recorded. The function was documented using the Harris Hip Score, the Knee Society Score, and the quality of life using the SF-36 Health Survey.ResultsA total of 159 patients were included (80 ± 12 years) and subdivided into four groups: hip (n = 66), knee (n = 13), Girdlestone resection arthroplasty (n = 50), knee arthrodesis (n = 27). Patients stayed 111 ± 87 days in the hospital, underwent six operations and three revisions after establishing PF. The mean American Society of Anesthesiologists score was 2.7. The BMI was 31 ± 3 kg/m² (P = .1). The follow-up was 2.8 ± 0.5 years including 27 patients. The Harris Hip Score and Knee Society Score were 38 and 34, respectively. SF-36 showed no significant difference.ConclusionThe study showed poor outcomes regarding quality of life and the function of the infected joint. Therefore, the indication for establishing a PF in the treatment of PJI must be assessed very critically. PF is only an option for multimorbid patients with a limited life expectancy.     

替加环素鞘内注射治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌颅内感染

目的探讨替加环素治疗多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌(MDRAB)颅内感染的临床经验。方法分析中国人民解放军总医院第四医学中心神经外科2014年10月1日—2016年8月1日收治的6例MDRAB颅内感染患者的临床资料。记录患者脑脊液(CSF)的性状,细菌学及药敏试验结果。所有患者均根据CSF检验结果在常规治疗的基础上,给予替加环素50 mg(首次100 mg)静脉注射,1次/12 h;并以浓度为0.5 mg/mL的替加环素10 mL缓慢鞘内注射,1次/d,疗程9~21 d,平均14 d;观察临床疗效。结果6例MDRAB感染患者颅内感染均有效控制,未出现感染相关的神经功能障碍。随访1年,患者无感染复发。结论临床上替加环素的耐药率低,对MDRAB敏感性较高,但其血-脑屏障通过率低。颅内感染MDRAB后采用替加环素静脉滴注,并且同期行鞘内注射治疗,效果明显,临床未出现药物相关的神经功能障碍。